Stellar is a public blockchain built for payments and for issuing digital versions of money and other assets, and lumens (XLM) are its native currency. The network dates from 2014. Jed McCaleb, who had built the technology behind Ripple, led its development, while Joyce Kim headed the non-profit Stellar Development Foundation, which still maintains the code. Stripe provided the first funding.
Rather than mining or staking, Stellar reaches agreement through the Stellar Consensus Protocol, which computer scientist David Mazières set out as a form of federated Byzantine agreement. Every validator chooses which other validators it trusts, and a ledger closes once enough of those overlapping groups agree, usually within about five seconds. Running a validator earns no XLM, and the fees users pay go into a locked account rather than to anyone in particular.
The supply has an unusual history. One hundred billion lumens were created at launch, and an inflation of about 1% a year added more until validators voted it out on 28 October 2019. A week later, on 4 November, the foundation sent about 55.4 billion lumens to an account nobody can spend from. Roughly 50 billion XLM remain and no new ones are issued. According to Stellar's own dashboard, about 14.7 billion of them were held under the foundation's mandate on 13 October 2026, so one organisation still controls a sizeable share.
For people in Europe, there is a euro link too. Circle's EURC, a stablecoin that can be redeemed one for one for euros, has been live on Stellar since September 2023. Banks and payment firms known as anchors connect Stellar to ordinary bank accounts: they take deposits in local currency and issue matching tokens. Since February 2024, developers have also been able to deploy smart contracts on Stellar.
The XLM exchange rate is not tied to any of those euro tokens. It floats freely and can lose a large part of its value in a short time.
Official website: stellar.org